Russian citizenship could be acquired:
- by birth
- by naturalization
- by restoration of citizenship
- by following parents' citizenship
The rules of citizenship by birth generally follow the principle of jus sanguinis, though a child can be recognized as a Russian citizen in several special cases:
- neither parent, both of whom are permanent residents of Russia, is a Russian citizen, but the child is born in Russia and does not acquire any other citizenship
- the child is found abandoned on Russian territory and the parents remain unknown for more than six months
Naturalization is usually granted if the applicant meets the following requirements:
- has been a permanent resident of Russia for not less than five years
- promises lawful behaviour
- has a legal source of income
- speaks Russian
In certain cases some or even all of the above requirements can be waived.
Restoration of citizenship is granted under the same rules as naturalization; the only exception is the residence term requirement (three years in this case). Although not in compliance with law, executive agencies (such as the federal migration service and Russian diplomatic and consular departments abroad) usually do not grant Russian citizenship to former Russian citizens if they do not satisfy citizenship restoration requirements, even if they satisfy requirements for facilitated naturalization.
A special provision of law made it possible for former citizens of the USSR to apply for Russian citizenship before 2009. The only requirements were holding a temporary residence permit or a permanent residence permit, or being registered as a permanent resident of Russia as of July 1, 2002 and meeting the naturalization requirements of p. 2 and p. 4.
Citizenship of children (persons under 18 years of age) generally follows the citizenship of their parents. If one or both parents obtain Russian citizenship, their children become Russian citizens as well. If one or both parents lose Russian citizenship, their children lose it too. A child can acquire or relinquish Russian citizenship by the application of his parents, but at least one parent must be a Russian citizen in this case.
Citizens of the Russian Federation may have the citizenship of a foreign state (dual citizenship) in accordance with Federal law or international treaty of the Russian Federation (Article 62 of the RF Constitution).
The procedure for acquiring citizenship of the RF consists of the following steps:
- Poluchenienie temporary residence permit
- Making your residence RF
- Obtaining Citizenship RF
Temporary residence is issued based quotas, approved annually by the Government of Russia. Excluding quota temporary residence permit can be issued:
- A person born on the territory of the RSFSR and held in the past, a citizen of the USSR, or born on the territory of the Russian Federation.
- A person found incapacitated and who has a capable son or daughter who are citizens of the Russian Federation
- A person who has at least one disabled parent, the nationality of the Russian Federation
- A person who is married to a Russian citizen, with residence in the Russian Federation
- A person, by investing in the Russian Federation in the amount prescribed by the Government of the Russian Federation, unfortunately, the size of investment is not installed, and use the item as the basis of simplified procedures bodies FMS is not considered.
The second phase of the acquisition of citizenship of Russia will be receiving a residence permit (residence permit). According to paragraph "a" of Part 1 of Article 13 of the Law "On Citizenship of the RF" residence permit issued to a foreign citizen for five years. Upon termination of the permit this time at the request of a foreign citizen may be extended for five years. Number of extension of residence permit is not limited.
Under section 2 of Article 13 of the Law "On Citizenship of the RF" stay on the territory of Russia, established by paragraph "a" of Part 1 of Article 13 of the Act is reduced to 1 year if at least one of the following grounds:
- The presence of a person of high achievement in science, technology and culture, the possession of a person or profession qualifications of interest to RF
- Providing a person political asylum in Russia
- Recognition of refugee status in the manner prescribed by federal law.
Under Part 3 of Article 13 of the Law "On Citizenship of the RF" a person who has rendered special services to the RF, can be accepted into the citizenship of Russia without complying with conditions stipulated by Part 1 of Article 13 of the Act.
The final step in the acquisition of citizenship of Russia will be directly the relevant paperwork to the nationality of the RF.
In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation citizenship may be acquired by Russia in general and a simplified procedure.
Admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation in the simplified procedure in accordance with the agreements of the Russian Federation with the Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic. Admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation in the simplified procedure in accordance with the agreements of the Russian Federation with the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic.
When applying for citizenship of the Russian Federation on the basis of international treaties of Russia on simplified modalities for the acquisition of citizenship of the Russian Federation of persons who came to reside permanently in the territory of the Russian Federation, presented documents stipulated by international treaties of the Russian Federation and confirming the removal of permanent residence in the territory of the Russian Federation. These documents are:
- The migration card with a note on crossing the border
- Radicle notification with the mark on statement on migration registration in the Russian Federation
- The passport of a foreign citizen, or a temporary residence permit or a residence permit in the Russian Federation
- Confirmation of departure for permanent residence on the territory of the Russian Federation from the territory of a foreign state (a mark in the passport of a foreign citizen or leave certificate to the identity document of a foreign citizen). Admission to the Russian citizenship in accordance with international treaties are defined by article first agreements
It is worth noting that, with admission to the citizenship of Russia in a simplified procedure in accordance with the agreements, obtaining a permit for temporary residence in the territory of Russia is optional.
The sourses: http://eng.grajdanstva.net/ross-grazh, wikipedia.org
